Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and poet whose ideas profoundly challenged and redefined many aspects of Western thought. Nietzsche's works, known for their provocative and often controversial nature, critically examined morality, religion, art, culture,...
History
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 – Karl Marx
Preface In the preface, Marx explains his intention to critique jurisprudence, political science, and Hegelian philosophy of law. He emphasizes the need for empirical analysis based on a critical study of political economy. Marx acknowledges the influence of French, English, and German socialists,...
Karl Marx
Karl Marx, a German philosopher, economist, historian, and revolutionary socialist, has left an indelible mark on modern thought and political movements. His ideas, collectively known as Marxism, have profoundly influenced political theory, economic policies, and social structures worldwide. This...
Karl Marx
Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a renowned German philosopher, economist, and social theorist who significantly influenced...
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English naturalist and geologist who achieved worldwide renown for his...
Most influential books on human nature and ethics
The Epic of Gilgamesh (c 2000 BCE): This ancient Mesopotamian poem tells the story of Gilgamesh, a king who is...
History is the only true philosophy and the only true psychology
"History is the only true philosophy and the only true psychology" - Napoleon Bonaparte, writing from exile in St...
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (1723-1790): Life, Work, and Human Nature Born on June 5, 1723, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, Adam Smith is best...
“Lord of the Flies” Lies
Chapter 2 of "Humankind: A Hopeful History" by Rutger Bregman, translated from Dutch by Elizabeth Manton and Erica...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was a Swiss philosopher, writer, and composer who is widely regarded as one of the...
Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin. He is considered one of the...
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher, best known for his political philosophy and social contract...
Niccolò Machiavelli
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman. He is best known for...
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 AD) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 161 until his death in 180 AD. He is widely regarded...
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was...
Plato
Plato was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He was a student of Socrates and the...
Siddhartha Gautama Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha or Shakyamuni Buddha, was a spiritual teacher who lived in ancient India...
Confucius
K’ung-fu-tze—K’ung the Master, as his pupils called K’ung Ch’iu—was born at Ch’ufu, in the then kingdom of Lu and the...
Lao Tzu (Laozi)
Lao Tzu was a Chinese philosopher and poet who is believed to have lived in the 6th century BCE. He is considered the...
Laozi Lao-tzu
Lao-tze, greatest of the pre-Confucian philosophers, was wiser than Teng Shih; he knew the wisdom of silence, and...
We are choked with news, starved of history
We of this generation give too much time to news about the transient present, too little to the living past. We are...