Karl Marx, a German philosopher, economist, historian, and revolutionary socialist, has left an indelible mark on modern thought and political movements. His ideas, collectively known as Marxism, have profoundly influenced political theory, economic policies, and social structures worldwide. This...
Preface In the preface, Marx explains his intention to critique jurisprudence, political science, and Hegelian philosophy of law. He emphasizes the need for empirical analysis based on a critical study of political economy. Marx acknowledges the influence of French, English, and German socialists,...
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and poet whose ideas profoundly challenged and redefined many aspects of Western thought. Nietzsche's works, known for their provocative and often controversial nature, critically examined morality, religion, art, culture,...
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English naturalist and geologist who achieved worldwide renown for his...
Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a renowned German philosopher, economist, and social theorist who significantly influenced...
The Epic of Gilgamesh (c 2000 BCE): This ancient Mesopotamian poem tells the story of Gilgamesh, a king who is...
"History is the only true philosophy and the only true psychology" - Napoleon Bonaparte, writing from exile in St...
Adam Smith (1723-1790): Life, Work, and Human Nature Born on June 5, 1723, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, Adam Smith is best...
Chapter 2 of "Humankind: A Hopeful History" by Rutger Bregman, translated from Dutch by Elizabeth Manton and Erica...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was a Swiss philosopher, writer, and composer who is widely regarded as one of the...
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese Sephardic Jewish origin. He is considered one of the...
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher, best known for his political philosophy and social contract...
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) was an Italian Renaissance political philosopher and statesman. He is best known for...
Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 AD) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 161 until his death in 180 AD. He is widely regarded...
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was...
Plato was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He was a student of Socrates and the...
Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha or Shakyamuni Buddha, was a spiritual teacher who lived in ancient India...
K’ung-fu-tze—K’ung the Master, as his pupils called K’ung Ch’iu—was born at Ch’ufu, in the then kingdom of Lu and the...
Lao Tzu was a Chinese philosopher and poet who is believed to have lived in the 6th century BCE. He is considered the...
Lao-tze, greatest of the pre-Confucian philosophers, was wiser than Teng Shih; he knew the wisdom of silence, and...
We of this generation give too much time to news about the transient present, too little to the living past. We are...